what are Common acids info chemical Man

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).The first category of acids is the proton donors or Brønsted acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. Brønsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brønsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H+.

Mineral acids (inorganic acids)

    Hydrogen halides and their solutions:

hydrofluoric acid (HF),

hydrochloric acid (HCl),
hydrobromic acid (HBr),
hydroiodic acid (HI)
    Halogen oxoacids: hypochlorous acid (HClO),
chlorous acid (HClO2), chloric acid (HClO3),

perchloric acid (HClO4), and corresponding analogs for bromine and iodine
        Hypofluorous acid (HFO), the only known oxoacid for fluorine
.
    Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
    Fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F)
    Nitric acid (HNO3)
    Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
    Fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6)
    Fluoroboric acid (HBF4)
    Hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF6)
    Chromic acid (H2CrO4)
    Boric acid (H3BO3)

Sulfonic acids

A sulfonic acid has the general formula RS(=O)2–OH, where R is an organic radical.

    Methanesulfonic acid (or mesylic acid, CH3SO3H)
    Ethanesulfonic acid (or esylic acid, CH3CH2SO3H)
    Benzenesulfonic acid (or besylic acid, C6H5SO3H)
    p-Toluenesulfonic acid (or tosylic acid, CH3C6H4SO3H)
    Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (or triflic acid, CF3SO3H)
    Polystyrene sulfonic acid (sulfonated polystyrene, [CH2CH(C6H4)SO3H]n)

Carboxylic acids

A carboxylic acid has the general formula R-C(O)OH, where R is an organic radical. The carboxyl group -C(O)OH contains a carbonyl group, C=O, and a hydroxyl group, O-H.

    Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
    Citric acid (C6H8O7)
    Formic acid (HCOOH)
    Gluconic acid HOCH2-(CHOH)4-COOH
    Lactic acid (CH3-CHOH-COOH)
    Oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH)
    Tartaric acid (HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH)

Halogenated carboxylic acids

Halogenation at alpha position increases acid strength, so that the following acids are all stronger than acetic acid.

    Fluoroacetic acid
    Trifluoroacetic acid
    Chloroacetic acid
    Dichloroacetic acid
    Trichloroacetic acid

Vinylogous carboxylic acids

Normal carboxylic acids are the direct union of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. In vinylogous carboxylic acids, a carbon-carbon double bond separates the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

    Ascorbic acid

Nucleic acids

    Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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